Mountain Top Removal Free Essays

November 2010 Solution: Eight Letters, One word, Mountaintop Removal Mountaintop evacuation albeit just eighteen letters and a simple two words gives unlimited chances to dedicated Americans. The world is presently about effectiveness and accommodation. Society functions as a machine, and each machine needs fuel to work. We will compose a custom exposition test on Peak Removal or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now For Kentuckians, the fuel is Coal. The economy of Kentucky revolves around coal. It not just gives dedicated Americans a sheltered domain to work in yet gives employments, and stable economy for our country. When contrasted with the remainder of the world America has consistently had a solid economy. Anyway America is presently in a condition of downturn. Government officials, bureau individuals and financial experts are continually attempting to bring our incredible country again into a condition of balance concerning money related stream. Peak expulsion is one approach to accomplish this. Territories which are rich in coal are honored with different rewarding open doors which advantage the communities’ economy as well as the Nations, also. Mine Safety is one thing that is very misjudged. There is a ton of contention, about mine security guidelines. In any case, actually MTR is measurably the most secure type of mining. Contrast MTR with underground mining. Underground Mining: profound inside the earth, empty shafts, limited passages, obscurity all around, the dread that the mine may crumple whenever VS. MTR: Employees are over the ground, have cutting edge innovation to help with wellbeing convention, and Mine crumbling isn’t a dread workers need to stress over. Occupations, something that devoted Americans are battling for in the savage Job showcase. Peak evacuation extends to long haul employment opportunities which likewise helps the economy. A reality, a great many people don’t know is that for each digger utilized through MTR three new openings are made. In this way, helping business rates go up and keeping our economy running. Americans need employments and through MTR we can get that going. Peak expulsion: eighteen letters, three words, unlimited chances. Coal: four letters, single word, keeps the lights on. In spite of the fact that Opponents to MTR guarantee that it harms the earth, makes a reasonable climate economy, and is risky for its’ laborers in all actuality, MTR makes a practically indistinguishable scene after recovery, it keeps on giving employments in any event, when the coal is proceeded to have been demonstrated to be measurably more secure than underground mining. In spite of the fact that the points of view about MTR will keep on differing it is a way of life millions have adjusted to as of now. Without MTR millions would be jobless, the broiler that makes our thanksgiving turkey would not work, a kid wouldn’t have the power to understand their first book. MTR is a perpetual method to fix our issues. Kentucky is something beyond a geographic state, it’s a perspective and a condition of heart and without MTR it would wilt away into a never-ending end. Works Cited The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 2010. Web. Date of access. Reece Erik , . Lost Mountain . New York : Riverhead, 2006. Print. Kitts, Gene. The Charleston Gazette. Charleston: Charleston Gazette, 2008. Print. Lemon, Eric. http://www. marshall. edu/cber/media/010420-DA-mountain. pdf. Charleston: Athenaeum, 2001. Print. Step by step instructions to refer to Mountain Top Removal, Papers

Thomas Hardy Was An English Writer Who Was Born On June 2, 1840 In Hig

Thomas Hardy was an English Writer who was conceived on June 2, 1840 in Higher Brockhampton Doretshire, England (Something About the Author 129). Tough composed structure individual information and encounters, his characters were genuine individuals of the time and settings comprised of spots he had been. Numerous Things impacted Hardy's compositions for a mind-blowing duration including his initial life, work encounters and his first spouse Emma Gifford Thomas Hardy didn't start his training until late in his youth. He began to go to class at eight years old years old and proceeded through government funded school for eight additional years. Following these eight years of general tutoring Thomas headed out to London to learn at Kings College for a long time after which his dad, a stonemason, apprenticed him ahead of schedule to a nearby draftsman occupied with renovating old chapels. The Royal Institute of British Architects granted him with an award due to the phenomenal work he had done as a modeler (Dorset May 12, 1999). Thomas acquired his dads business, yet chose to offer it to his sibling Henry to deal with, which gave him all the more available time towards his enthusiasm of composing. Solid worked for this engineer for a long time while simultaneously took up verse composing with little achievement. Thomas began composing numerous sonnets after he had finished his apprenticeship, yet all were dismissed aside from one entitled How I Built Myself A House. This specific bit of writing was at first composed for the amusement of his companions, yet by one way or another showed up in Chambers Journal in 1865 (Dorset May 12, 1999). After negligible accomplishment with verse Thomas went to books as a progressively sensible way to deal with monetarily supporting himself through composition. By 1874 he had accomplished his objective and was presently ready to keep up a steady life. The books he composed were not straightforwardly composed as books, yet in certainty they were for the most part distributed in month to month areas through magazines (as were numerous well known books of the time). Strong clearly needed to somewhat support his first story that was named Urgent Remedies. Under the Greenwood Tree was his first really effective novel that was distributed secretly in 1872. (Dorset May 12, 1999) Hardy utilized huge numbers of the spots he had been and things he had encountered so far in his life to compose this specific story. For instance: the nearby town school he went to when was a kid shows up in the book. Thomas Hardy was viewed as a genuinely sharp individual and he saw that the manner in which he expressed Under the Greenwood Tree had a positive reaction, so he chose to keep on writing as such. In 1870 he met Emma Lavinia Gifford, sister-in-law of the vicar of St. Juliot in Cornwall to whom he had been sent to design a congregation rebuilding. (Dorset May 12, 1999) At the time social standings typically influenced who got hitched to whom, however for this situation, in spite of her high social position, Emma and Thomas began to look all starry eyed at and became hitched four years after the fact. After the accomplishment of his first novel Thomas was employed to compose a novel for Tinsley's Magazine. The title was to be A Pair of Blue Eyes and in parts mirrored his relationship with his significant other and was distributed in 1873. This epic was generally welcomed by his crowds and after great surveys he started another story, A long way From the Madding Crowd. The setting was in Puddle Town where he had family, so he realized it well, yet it was renamed in the story to Weatherbury; a case of how he utilized spots he knew in his compositions. Tess of the d'Urbervilles was distributed in 1891 (Something About the Author 129) and is viewed as perhaps the best piece at any point composed. This story was as of late made into a film (1979) named Tess due to how mainstream this broadcasted story had been. The last novel composed by Thomas Hardy was Jude the Obscure where he in this manner expressed that ...sexual fascination is a characteristic power unopposable by human will (Microsoft Encarta Tough, Thomas). English pundits cruelly scrutinized Jude the Obscure and his significant other Emma was insulted at him on the grounds that ...she accepting this as an assault on the sacredness of

5 Books About Runners and Running

5 Books About Runners and Running Running can be scary. When I started, I was hovering at Fitness Level Zero, and the idea of pounding the pavement gave me the gurgles. Somehow the  twitchy, fidgety feeling in the back of my mind didnt let go  until I gave in and tried  it for myself and that is how the rubber hit the road. I fell hard and fast for runningnot only the physical benefits but the mental quiet Ive gained, and the endorphin rush doesnt hurt either. As with most readers, when I fall down the rabbit hole of a new interest  the books arent far behind. These are some favorites, some necessities, and at least one Im itching to get my hands on. Running Like a Girl: Notes on Learning to Run by Alexandra Heminsley is the most approachable book in this list. Heminsley committed to a marathon far  earlier in her running life than is advisable. It didnt take long for her to realize her mistake, but since she had already decided  to raise  funds for charity, she had to follow through. This was the first running book I picked up, and I literally bawled, full-on ugly cried, when Heminsley tackled that marathon. It was the first hint I had at how emotional it can be to conquer physical hurdles.  Unassuming and charming, this is  what I imagine its like for every woman (Everywoman)  without a solid athletic history who decides to take up the sport. What I Talk About When I Talk About Running by Haruki Murakami is probably most interesting to the readerly set because this esteemed author jumps headlong into the running and writing parts of his life. A  collection of essays and memories, the author examines his  mutual obsessions and wraps in his early journalist work, his first marathon, and other noteworthy milestones. Run the World: My 3,500 Mile Journey Through Running Cultures Around the Globe by Becky Wade is an eye-opener. It is far too easy to oversimplify running and running culture down to put one foot in front of the other. Approaches to running and communities of runners  differ wildly around the world. Wade, an elite athlete and fellowship recipient, traveled for a year after her graduation from Rice University to experience running life in 9 countries, with 72 host families, and she logged  over 3,500 miles of her own running. For newbies or seasoned athletes, this book is a thrill. Even as a rookie, I was able to incorporate some new tactics into my own training, and I learned about notable  athletes  from all over the world, some of whom will soon compete in the  Rio Olympics. Running the Rift by Naomi Benaron is for those with an appetite for novels.  The winner of the Bellwether Prize for Socially Engaged Fiction, this is not always a feel-good book. It is powerful, brutal, and contemplative. Jean Patrick Nkuba loves racing his brother from the time they are children, and as he grows up he begins to realize his Olympic dream in track and field. A number of hardships bar his way, from the death of his father to the growing unrest between the Hutu and Tutsi  peoples of Rwanda. Jean Patricks fate hangs in the balance as the genocide plays out before his eyes sweeping him into an uncertain future. How Bad Do You Want It: Mastering the Psychology of Mind Over Muscle by Matt Fitzgerald is at the tippy-top of my wishlist. Fitzgerald is a seasoned endurance sports journalist who has authored more than 20 books. In  How Bad Do You Want It he  examines more than 20 pivotal races in a variety of sports (running, cycling, triathalon, etc.) and the key role  of mental fitness in athletic success. In my own limited running experience, Ive found the mental struggle to be the most enduring problem, so perhaps this book can help along the way.

Effective Financial Management And Solutions To Glee Plc Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3144 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Glee plc is large listed company where their sport equipment products are doing well in the market but their profits are doing not well, the new investment that they are currently investing are in the problem. The company has a few of problems that they need to be improve, such as how and where to raise funds, reduce cost of capital by using balanced capital structure and the technique of investment appraisal to have more investment opportunities. Glee plc can go for long-term finance such as equity finance or debt financing to raise their company funds depending on their company financial condition, which the best suit of them will be the chosen one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effective Financial Management And Solutions To Glee Plc Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Before making any investment, no matter what funds that Glee plc is taking, the cost of capital should be calculated first in order to get the minimum return to the cost of capital. The lower cost of capital will be the main objective. There are some arguments of capital structure debate such as, Traditional view and the Modigliani Millers view in 1958 1963. There are four techniques of investment appraisal are bring to discuss also such as, payback period, net present value, accounting rate of return and internal rate of return. It is important to know how to manage the financial smartly, so that it only can achieve the companys objective. 1.0 Introduction Glee plc founded in 2005 and the company is the largest established listing company of manufacturing sports equipment based in Singapore. Glee plc fails to manage their financial properly and their profit is underperforming. They do not know where to get the ideal sources of finance and do not aware about the important of having a balanced capital structure to achieve a low cost capital. Besides, they have no structured approach to appraising investment opportunities. This report is to highlight to let the company aware of the dangers if they do not manage the above areas effectively. I will discuss the sources of finance, cost of capital, capital structuring and investment appraisal technique in order to improve Glee plcs finance performance. 2.0 Sources of finance Cost of capital A various sources of long-term finance are where Glee plc can obtain the funds for further investment. As such, the cost of funds that undertake should have a minimum return or equal to cost of capital. 2.1 Sources of long-term finance It is suggest that long-term finance is the most suitable for Glee plc because the payback period will be more than one year and sometimes it has no obligation for repayment. Two options to get the funds are equity finance and debt finance. 2.1.1 Equity finance This financing money are comes from the shareholders where they sell its ownership to the outsider investors. Two equity finance sources are ordinary shares and retained earnings. Under ordinary shares, Glee plc may issue new share to the public where by using offer for sale, public issue and private placing or another way by rights issue to company existing shareholder. For retained earnings, the decision that Glee plc decide will not influence the shareholder. The advantages are Glee plc need not do any re-payment of capital to the investors that wish to sell their shares. For dividends, it only requires to pay when company is in the profit year. For the disadvantages, Glee plc may lose their ownership to other investors when they issue more shares. It is very expensive and wasting time, it may brings suffer to Glee plc business as it takes long time to bring to an attention. 2.1.2 Debt financing This financing can obtain through outsider third parties while maintaining the wholly control of your business. Debt financing can be in term loan, bonds, convertible securities, leasing and issue warrants. The advantages are Glee plc enables to maintain the ownership where there are no third parties involved. Besides, it has tax deduction benefits where the interest expenses on loan can be tax deductible. For the disadvantages, the higher debt financing will lead Glee plc going into bankruptcy because the interest rate is still high. Glee plc will need to do repayment on time no matter there is profit or not. 2.2 Cost of capital Cost of capital is the cost of debt and equity that undertaking capital budgeting. Whatever investment that Glee plc make, the funds that undertake should have a minimum return or equal to the cost of capital. Whichever sources of funds that Glee plc take into, it required to pay the cost because different types of sources fund will have different cost. As such, the cost should be at low by dealing with the mixture. The cost of capital will be such as, cost of debt, cost of preferred share capital and cost of equity. Lower cost is the objective. The cost of debt (Kd) calculates the interest rate payment that Glee plc borrow money from. The cost of preferred share capital (Kp) is the required return rate where shareholder of Glee plc expected on. The cost of equity (Ke) calculates the cost of using equity finance in Glee plc. Kd is lower level of gearing because of its lower return and it is less expensive due to tax deductible on interest debt. Ke is high level of gearing because investor expecting higher return and is more expensive because of paying dividends. Besides, when Glee plc sell off the equity, you will be selling off your future share performance where this are too much more value compare to the normal interest debt that charge on Glee plc. This is why Ke is always higher than Kd. 2.2.1 Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) WACC refer to average cost of Glee plcs finance, the lower WACC is the greatest one. Each sources of capital should be determined first before Glee plc can determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). WACC will influence the market value and when WACC is lower, the share price will become higher. Therefore, Glee plc should determine the debt cost, preferred share capital cost and equity cost to let WACC become lower. 3.0 Capital structure debate This will look on how Glee plc combine the debt and equity financing to look for an optimum capital structure as this concern shareholder wealth. It is important to reduce the WACC by lowest to maximize the shareholder wealth. Three capital structures that Glee plc should have looked on it are Traditional View, Modigliani Millers View (Without tax 1958) and Modigliani Millers View (With tax 1963). The debate then arises between both of these Views in order to achieve an optimum capital structure. 3.1 Traditional View Traditional view points out that the higher debt in capital structure of a company, the lowest WACC it has because the cost of debt is lower than the cost of equity and enables it to use a lower discount rate for project appraisal, and thus increase the value of the company and shareholder wealth (University of Sunderland 2007). The graphs explain that when the gearing increase, the cost of equity will rise because the shareholders financial risk is increase and the cost of debt will also go upward when it at high gearing level. It shows an optimal point where the WACC is at the lowest point. As for market value, companys debt and equity increased when cost of capital decreased. Cost of capital (%) Ke WACC Kd 0 Level of gearing (%) Market value Traditional View graphs 3.2 Modigliani Millers View (MM) MM have a different opinion towards Traditional view and their model come out with two views, MM model without tax on 1958 and with tax on 1963. 3.2.1 Modigliani Millers View without tax 1958 MM argue that a companys total value and WACC as constant no matter what is the gearing level. How the company mix with debt and equity will not affect WACC. However, the criticisms on MM model are there are no taxation, no costs involved in changing capital structure such as issue and dealing costs and there is interest rate applies to both borrowers and lenders (University of Sunderland 2007). The graphs explain that when the WACC remain constant, the market value of the company will remain constant as well. The WACC of geared company equal with WACC of ungeared company. Cost of capital (%) Ke WACC Kd 0 Level of gearing (%) Market value Level of gearing Modigliani Millers view without tax 1958 graphs 3.2.2 Modigliani Millers View with tax 1963 A second version of MM model that take taxation into account, where interest payment is allow for corporation taxes, which bring benefit to shareholders. It encourages company to borrow as much as possible basis because of the lower cost of debt capital and the WACC will drop because of the benefit tax very high. However, the criticism on this are capital market are perfect, enabling companies to raise finance whatever their current borrowing levels. Companies cannot raise additional debt finance without limit. In addition, they do become insolvent when they have so much debt that they cannot make interest payments or repay capital (University of Sunderland 2007). Below are the graphs. Cost of capital (%) Ke WACC Kd 0 Level of gearing (%) Market value Level of gearing Modigliani Millers View with tax 1963 graphs 4.0 Investment appraisal It could bring Glee plc into dangerous financial situation if it does not manage the above areas effectively. Glee plc could end up making lost or even worse end up bankruptcy. In order to make improvement to Glee plcs financial performance, I would like to discuss about the types of investment appraisal available. Investment appraisal are generally known as capital budgeting. It is a process of making investment for major capital projects. Usually, long-term investments are the most main concern decisions in any field of business because it expected to gain higher returns in future. Investment appraisals are carried out to make the comparison of the cost of investment of a project whether the investments are able to gain any yield returns over a period and examine whether it is worth it or not to investment. It is important because it helps company to make smart long-term investments where the cash and assets are well invested in and generate the greatest returns for the projects. Besides, the risk of the investment in Glee plcs new project can be measure out to minimize the risk. Four types of technique investment appraisal that Glee plc should consider are payback period, Net Present Value (NPV), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). 4.1 Payback period Is the technique to measure the duration of time that a project took to pay off its investment capital cost. Payback period shows how fast is the cash inflows deal with the cash outflows, the fastest return is the better one and then accepted. For example, two alternative projects, Project A and B whose has the initial investment of 120,000 and each cash flow are as per table (refer appendix 1), which Project will be prefer? Project B will be chosen because Project B investment recovered fastest on the third year. It has the merits of quick and basic calculation and the concept are easy to understand. Second, if Glee plc would like to buy the new machinery to replace the old one, the fastest payback on the investment is necessary. The limitations are Glee plc cannot decide the duration of ideal payback time. It does not concern the time value of money. Furthermore, payback usually concern of cash flow only, it does not concern the profit of Glee plcs business. 4.2 Accounting rate of return (ARR) ARR is a method estimates the accounting rate of return of a projects generates, as a percentage of the investment in the project. ARR concern more on the annual profit on the project rather than looking at the cash flow and can be use to compare the profits gained between several project, the highest percentage are the most attractive investment because it gives higher return. For example, company X wants to buy a new machine. Two models machine available and no disposal value and the companys average target of ARR is 35% (refer appendix 2). Which machine should the company X choose? Conclusion is to buy machine B because it gives highest ARR at 43.3%, which over the companys average target at 35%. It has the merits of simple understanding concept and calculation where it makes easy for your managers and investor because it uses the term profit. Furthermore, ARR looks into the overall of the project life. The limitations are it does not concern the time value of money and the timing of the profits earned from a project. Besides, ARR does not have specified decision to guide your managers whether it is worth it or not to invest. The lack of strategies making an investment decisions are still subjective. 4.3 Net present value (NPV) NPV is a technique that calculates all the relevant present value cash inflows and outflows that involved with an investment. Cash flow in the future years are adjusted to a present value by discounting the cash flows using suitable discount rate, therefore NPV technique takes time value of money into account. A positive NPV outcome is the project that should be focus on. For example, two alternative projects, project A and B, using the cost of capital of 10% and the estimated cash flow are as per table (refer appendix 3), which of the two projects the NPV would choose? Project A will be choosing because it has a positive NPV. The merits are it helps Glee plc to concern the overall project lifespan and have a time value of money. It also enables your managers to consider the risk of future cash flow and maximize the Glee plcs shareholder wealth. The limitations are it could be difficult to calculate where some of your managers might not be familiar with the NPV concept. Besides, NPV is hard to determine the accurate discount rate and cost of capital are required in order to calculate the NPV. 4.4 Internal rate of return (IRR) IRR is a true interest rate earned by the investment over a project where the sum of discounted cash inflow is equal to discounted cash outflow. IRR is use to compare the rates or return and calculate the rate of return that reduces the NPV equal to zero. It concern breakeven point. When the IRR is higher, your project should best to be accepted. For example, Company X is considering buying a machine at the cost of 120,000, which can save cost of 40,000 per annum for 5 years, resale value of 10,000 at the end of the fifth year. Yield return of 10%. Is the project should be taken? (refer appendix 4). Company X will buy the machine because the IRR shows higher at 21.80%. The merits are it helps Glee plc concerns the time value of money and the cash flow of your project. Furthermore, the discount rate does not have to be specified before the IRR is calculated and cost of capital no need to calculate because the profitability of the project can be check without any calculation of cost capital. The limitations are the calculation and the concept is hard to understand. IRR is not an ideal to make comparison between two projects because it can give a conflict answer. Among the four techniques above, NPV is the best because when NPV is positive, it will generate more cash for your project and therefore it brings advantage if your company main objective is to maximize the shareholder wealth. 5.0 Conclusion As conclusion, there is no right and wrong answer to choose which sources financing is the best. Either one or both can be choose depends on Glee plcs company size and the company cash flow ability. Other factors to consider are such as, the cost of financing, duration of borrowings money and the company current gearing level. Cost can be reducing by dealing with the mixture and find out the WACC, the lowest WACC will be the best. No matter what decision financing Glee plc is making, as long to maximize the company shareholder wealth is the overall company main objective. 6.0 References Advameg Inc (2010). Capital structure. (Online). Available from: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Bre-Cap/Capital-Structure.html (Accessed 6 Dec 2010) Advameg Inc (2010). Debt financing. (Online). Available from: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Co-Di/Debt-Financing.html (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Understanding capital structure theory: Modigliani and Miller. (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/balance-sheets-checklists/understanding-capital-structure-theory-modigliani-and-miller (Accessed 14 Dec 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Payback period . (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/business-strategy-calculations/payback-period (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Appraising investment opportunities. (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/business-strategy-checklists/appraising-investment-opportunities (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Bloomsbury Information Ltd (2010). Weighted average cost of capital. (Online). Available from: https://www.qfinance.com/balance-sheets-calculations/weighted-average-cost-of-capital (Accessed 8 Dec 2010) Business Link (2010). Investment appraisal techniques. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.s=scr.l1=1073858790r.lc=enr.l3=1081822141r.l2=1073858944type=RESOURCESitemId=1081822252 (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Business Link (2010). Accounting rate of return. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.s=scr.l1=1073858790r.lc=enr.l3=1081822141r.l2=1073858944type=RESOURCESitemId=1081822244 (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Business Link (2010). Advantages and disadvantages of equity finance. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1073789573type=RESOURCES (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Business Link (2010). Investment appraisal techniques. (Online). Available from: https://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?r.s=scr.l1=1073858790r.lc=enr.l3=1081822141r.l2=1073858944r.i=1081822501type=RESOURCESitemId=1081822890r.t=RESOURCES (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Enotes.com Inc (2010). Capital structure. (Online). Available from: https://www.enotes.com/small-business-encyclopedia/capital-structure (Accessed 6 Dec 2010) Finance website (2010). Disadvantages of equity financing. (Online). Available from: https://financewebsite.org/Disadvantages-of-Equity-Financing.html (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Finance website (2010). Advantages of debt financing. (Online). Available from: https://financewebsite.org/Advantages-of-Debt-Financing.html (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Muhammad Ansar (2010). What are investment appraisal techniques? (Online). Available from: https://www.helium.com/items/1507869-investment-appraisal-techniques-npv-apv-payback-arr-irr (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Peavler, R. (2010). Debt and equity financing. (Online). Available from: https://bizfinance.about.com/od/generalinformatio1/a/debtequityfin.htm (Accessed 25 Nov 2010) Putra. (2009). How to calculate the cost of capital. (Online). Available from: https://accounting-financial-tax.com/2009/06/how-to-calculate-the-cost-of-capital/ (Accessed 4 Dec 2010) Putra. (2009). Cost of capital formula and calculation. (Online). Available from: https://accounting-financial-tax.com/2009/04/cost-of-capital-formula-and-calculation/ (Accessed 4 Dec 2010) Sanjay Borad (2009). Financial leverage/Financing mix/Capital structure. (Online). Available from: https://www.efinancemanagement.com/financial-leverage/61 (Accessed 6 Dec 2010) Smith, F. (2010). Capital budgeting techniques and investment appraisal. (Online). Available from: https://www.suite101.com/content/capital-budgeting-techniques-and-investment-appraisal-a289861 (Accessed 17 Nov 2010) Stock Research Pro (2009). A weighted average cost of capital(WACC) calculator. (Online). Available from: https://www.stockresearchpro.com/a-weighted-average-cost-of-capital-wacc-calculator (Accessed 8 Dec 2010) Timeweb (2010). Investment appraisal. (Online). Available from: https://www.bized.co.uk/timeweb/reference/using_experiments.htm (Accessed 17 Nov 2010)

Analysis Of Restricted Boltzmann Machines - 763 Words

Analysis of RNNs revealed that the hidden-to-output function, hidden-to-hidden transition, and input-to-hidden function must be made deeper [3]. Based on the following input sequence: x = (x1; : : : ; xT), a standard RNN is responsible for computing the vector sequence: h = (h1; : : : ; hT) as well as the output vector sequence: y = (y1; : : : ; yT) using two equations (depicted below) from t = 1 to T [3]. (1) ht = H(Wxhxt+Whhht-1+bh) (2) yt = Whyht+by H. Restricted Boltzmann Machines An RBM is a specialized Boltzmann Machine comprised of two respective layers, a layer of visible and hidden units, without hidden-hidden and visible-visible connections. Each hidden and visible unit within the network has a bias and either a binary or†¦show more content†¦Apothà ©loz’s proposal is of importance in understanding the artificial intelligence models of argumentation since it coincides with the properties of a square of opposition [6]. Fig. 5. The square of opposition. Apothà ©loz’s square of opposition proclaims makes the following claims [6]: (1) A and O as well as E and I both serve as negations of each other (2) A and E entails, I and O, respectively (3) Although A and E cannot be true together, A and E can be false together I and O cannot be false together yet can be true together. J. Sentimental Analysis Sentimental analysis tries to figure out how the presenter feels about the subject material being presented. This analysis helps the NLP formulate a more accurate and appropriate response. Many sentimental analyses work by looking at each sentiments of the sentence by giving positive or negative points to each word. Points are then summed up for each sentence and based on that score it is deemed either positive, negative, or neutral. But sentiments are often very subtle and cannot be detected using simple point analysis [1]. To better grasp sentiments in NSL computer scientist once again turned to the deep learning process and developed a tree-structured long short-term memory analysis (LSTM). LSTM combines deep learning with the points system. After the deep learning process has assigned meaning to a word it is given a weight based upon positive or negative feel. It is then placedShow MoreRelatedArticle Review : Deep Correspondence Restricted Boltzmann Machine For Cross Modal Retrieval979 Words   |  4 PagesDeep correspondence restricted Boltzmann machine for cross-modal retrieval Review Submission : ACN 5314.5H1 - Computational Modeling Methods in Behavioral Brain Sci. Reviewer : Jithin Pradeep R jxp161430@utdallas.edu School of Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas at Dallas December 16, 2016. Deep correspondence restricted Boltzmann machine for cross-modal retrieval: Jithin Pradeep Article Review. 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Velocity represents the rate at which data are generated and the speed at which it should be analyzed and acted upon. Besides the three V’s, veracity has also been consideredRead MoreExample Of Hyperpectral Image Classification1730 Words   |  7 Pages[12]–[17]. In here, we just emphasize the most recent prominent technique in HSI. A. Dimensionality Reduction With regard to the issue that we are following, there are another popular examples based on dimensional reduction studies, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Random Projection (RP) that can project the data matrix into another space which is lower dimensional rather than original space [18]. Structurally, in these methods we lose the structural information about original features and thus the projectedRead Morewrwrwrw6715 Words   |  27 Pagesfunctionally related prognostic gene sets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [25]. Pasluosta et al. proposed a K-local hyperplane distance nearest-neighbor classiï ¬ er (HKNN) based clustering algorithm in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) analysis [16]. All these methods are proposed for clustering the genes under the same disease or the same situation. However, increasing evidence shows that some diseases are very likely to be related to each other. A report from National Cancer Institute

A Proposal For A New Communication Structure - 2007 Words

A proposal for a new communication structure is a major factor in an organization. Five concepts play a significant role in a successful communication within an organization setting. The concepts of successful communication are active listening, organizational culture, conflict resolution, key principles of human communication, leadership strategies, formal and informal communication. There is some corporate groups formal and informal communication structure within the organization. Efficient communication is the key to success within an organization that relates to organizational communication. In an organization, communication in all area is crucial for employees, and leaders, who know and understand the significant and how to†¦show more content†¦One of the most significant roles of active listening is how well an individual listen to a significant impact on the job effectiveness and the quality of the interactions with others. Active listening helps to obtain inf ormation to understand the facts or just for enjoyment and a way to learn what have been communicating. Organization Culture is the second concept that plays a vital role in a new communication structure in an organization. No matter what an organizational culture might be, the goals are to work for a common goal and be successful in new communication structures. Our text states â€Å"Organizational culture refers to the cooperatively held underlying beliefs, logics, and legends concerning corporate life that organizational participants learn and use to guide their behaviors. These ideas, philosophies, and myths are embedded in and transmitted through both formal and informal channels of organizational communication† (Kreps, 2011). Corporate culture defines the individuality of the organization to both members and nonmembers, cues members of the culture about how they should represent the organization, and helps members make sense of their role in the organization and the h igher part of the group within society (Kreps, 2011). Having

Violation of Human Rights in The Crucible Essay Example For Students

Violation of Human Rights in The Crucible Essay IB English Exam A2 Question #2 : Violations of the Declaration of Human Rights during the Salem Witch Trials During the Salem witch trials, many violations of todays Universal Declaration of Human Rights occurred. Inclusively, some are still being done today. Upon having a victim under an acusation, many articles were not respected. This is shown in the manner in which past time juries treated the accused. In my opinion, the articles that during those times were violated were article four, five, article six, and seventeen. Article four presents the idea of preventing a cruel or unaccepted treatment towards the victim. It reads the following, no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. During the witch trials in Salem, those who were declared guilty, depending on the charges he/she was accused of, the victim might suffer a punishment of being hanged, and one person suffered being crushed under rocks. If the declaration had been functioning during those past moments, it would have occured, most likely, that the victims of the illegal charge of witchcraft, might have been given a life-time jail sentence and not the death-penalty by being hanged or crushed. Another article that had been clearly violated during the Salem witch trials was article five, which states that everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. Many thought of the women accused of practicing witchcraft to be diabolic and inhuman ; in fact, they were thought of human figures of the devil. This would clearly interfere with the judges veredict and it would be almost impossible for the victimis to save themselves from being condemned to death. If these victims of whom most were in their late fifties, had been seen as people who are just like us, they would have been saved from such destiny. Article Six is also a great, and maybe the clearest, example to prove the point of violated human rights. This article says all are equal before the law and entitled without any discrimination to equal protection before the law. All are entitled to protection against any discrimination in violation this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. In the witch trials of Salem, it was perfectly clear that the twenty people that lost their lives were not considered nor treated equally in comparison to the accusers. This occured most obviously because there were no laws that would protect those who had been accused. We can see how unprofessional the system was when the judge told Goody Cloyse to read a passage in the Bible without any mistakes to prove her innocence, and, once she had done so, she was still declared guilty and was sentenced. This article expresses that all people are entitled to protection, but none of the victims of this complot were actually defended nor protected by issues of law and more got saved of the horrible fate others had suffered. Finally, the last article that in my consideration was violated during the Salem Witch Trials is that one referred to as Article 15. This Article says everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression ; this right inclues the freedom to hold opinions without interference. If the victims that were accused of witchcraft had really been witches, they should have been respected as should in their freedom of religion, opinion, and expression. Nowadays, witchcraft is accepted as another religions within many that exist in our modern day societies. Clearly, neither the judges nor the accusers nor the jury accepted this freedom and condemned it with the maximum penalty, death. Perhaps there are many more rights in the Declaration of Human Rights that were also violated during these trials, but the onces that to me are most clear, are the ones dictated and explained. These trials had shown no respect to those victims of these horrible accusations and once condemned, these people had no way of escaping death. Nowadays, some violations are still being perpetrated, but at least our society has laws to prevent these violations and our system has become more fair with the years. .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 , .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .postImageUrl , .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 , .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840:hover , .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840:visited , .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840:active { border:0!important; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840:active , .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840 .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1162384115604d82ed982f1fc3091840:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Psychopaths EssayCategory: English .

geography Essay Example

geography Essay Essay #6- I n todays society there are many people that dont like others religions. This is becoming a huge problem especially in the middle east, were many people are killed every day for no reason. The biggest problem going on right now is the problem between the Israiles. (Jewish people) and the Palastiniens. They both are fighting over land they both call their own holly land, which at this time the Isralians control. However this is not the only problem that this century has had over religions. You might remeber a war called world war II, a war in which was started because a man by the name of Hitler, thought is religion was supreme and called for his country to kill all of the jews that lived on the land he controlled. Some people out there just dont think that other people should follow the believes of another god, in their mind they believe in something we call monotheism, the believe in only one god. More than likely they are not going to like other people who dont believe in their god. Another reason why there is so much intolerance for other religions, is because your religions is pretty much the way of life for most people. For example, some religions believe on praying five to six times a day, while others you dont have to pray at all. And because your religions is a way of life, many people dont think that any other way of life is ok, because that is what they are taught from a very young age. This is the reason why many people dont like Americans, because in their religion and society the women are not allowed to bear any skin, while in our society and most of western religions there is no rules on what women wear. The problem of religions and violence is probley never going to end. I think that the problem with religions and violence is kind of like racism, some people just

Differences Between Compilers and Interpreters

Differences Between Compilers and Interpreters Before the Java and C# programming languages appeared, computer programs were only compiled or interpreted. Languages like Assembly Language, C, C, Fortran, Pascal were almost always compiled into machine code. Languages like Basic, VbScript and JavaScript were usually interpreted. So what is the difference between a compiled program and an Interpreted one? Compiling To write a program takes these steps: Edit the ProgramCompile the program into Machine code files.Link the Machine code files into a runnable program (also known as an exe).Debug or Run the Program With some languages like Turbo Pascal and Delphi steps 2 and 3 are combined. Machine code files are self-contained modules of machine code that require linking together to build the final program. The reason for having separate machine code files is efficiency; compilers only have to recompile source code that have changed. The machine code files from the unchanged modules are reused. This is known as making the application. If you wish to recompile and rebuild all source code then that is known as a Build. Linking is a technically complicated process where all the function calls between different modules are hooked together, memory locations are allocated for variables and all the code is laid out in memory, then written to disk as a complete program. This is often a slower step than compiling as all the machine code files must be read into memory and linked together. Interpreting The steps to run a program via an interpreter are Edit the ProgramDebug or Run the Program This is a far faster process and it helps novice programmers edit and test their code quicker than using a compiler. The disadvantage is that interpreted programs run much slower than compiled programs. As much as 5-10 times slower as every line of code has to be re-read, then re-processed. Enter Java and C# Both of these languages are semi-compiled. They generate an intermediate code that is optimized for interpretation. This intermediate language is independent of the underlying hardware and this makes it easier to port programs written in either to other processors, so long as an interpreter has been written for that hardware. Java, when compiled, produces bytecode that is interpreted at runtime by a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Many JVMs use a Just-In-Time compiler that converts bytecode to native machine code and then runs that code to increases the interpretation speed. In effect, the Java source code is compiled in a two-stage process. C# is compiled into Common Intermediate Language (CIL, which was previously known as Microsoft Intermediate Language MSIL. This is run by the Common Language Runtime (CLR), part of the .NET framework an environment that provides support services such as garbage collection and Just-In-Time compilation. Both Java and C# employ speedup techniques so the effective speed is almost as fast as a pure compiled language. If the application spends a lot of time doing input and output like reading disk files or running database queries then the speed difference is barely noticeable. What Does this Mean to me? Unless you have a very specific need for speed and must increase the frame rate by a couple of frames per second, you can forget about speed. Any of C, C or C# will provide sufficient speed for games, compilers, and operating systems.

The Black Hawk War in Utah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Black Hawk War in Utah - Essay Example Lyman states that the relationship between the Indians and the white settlers who were mostly Mormons was quite rough (12). Some of the southern Paiutes even converted to Mormonism. However, the Ute Indians had general hostilities with the Mormons and the settlers. During the Black Hawk War, Navajo Indians increased the hostilities by attacking Dixie ranches. Many Mormons and white settlers were killed in inhumane manner. The Indians were ruthless in their attacks. Winkler states that most of the white settlers armed themselves against the Indians and carried out revenge attacks without involving the US government. Indian villages were raided and razed down by church militias. The farms belonging to the Ute Indians were razed down leading to many deaths due to famine between 1866 and 1869. Winkler states that on 18 July 1865, Mormon militias killed tens of Native Americans including women and children (13). Furthermore, the Indians that were captured during cattle raids were exposed to extreme torture methods in order to reveal the place where other tribes were hiding. Lyman further states that Indian warriors captured white traders en route to parts of southern Utah killing them (7). The major causes of the black hawk war were pressure on Indian settlement populations, destruction of ecosystem and Indian subsistence leading to starvation. This was due to white Settlement expansion and latter day saints in open war with Native Americans. Peterson asserts that the major cause of the war was the pressure on Indian tribes in Utah (14). Since 1837, white settlers had been pushing native Indians from their homeland in the native reserve. South Utah was one of the major areas that were affected. The Ute and Navajo who used to plant corn for food were hugely affected as they lost their land to Mormon ranches. The Ute led by a young chief called black Hawk started to carry out attacks on the Mormon settlements in order to steal cattle for their food. Lyman, on the othe r hand states that Mormon militia due to suspicion attacked some Indian tribes that were seen to be friendly to the Mormons in central Utah (19). These include the Koosharen who were commonly known as the horseless Ute. During the black hawk war, there was an emergence of what was commonly referred to as the Frontier justice for those who were thought to have committed crimes, witch-hunts. Lack of federal soldier’s aid to help end the war was due to the inability to differentiate between friendly and enemy Indians. Reeve states that the system of justice in Utah was crucial as a cause of war. Reeve states that the white’s had formed a militia in order to protect their interests and deal with conduct amongst themselves administered the system. The justice system during the black hawk war led to white settlers to engage in excess in legal constraints. Indian women and children were also killed after being caught as captives. In addition to this, the legal authority was a ccused of excesses. However, the legal system would let these blatant forms of murder and human rights abuses unpunished. Winkler states that Indians chiefs had their own system of justice. In the case of Joseph and Robert Perry’s murder, Indian chiefs prosecuted the Navajos who had participated in the murder by punishing them (6). However, Winkler states th

The three most inportant gifts i ever received are Essay

The three most inportant gifts i ever received are - Essay Example When I was young I always had the capability to come out as a leader in my class. I used to be the class representative at an age when my group mates were hesitant to come in front of the teacher. I have learned to lead from the front and guide my class mates through everything that they face. The leadership skills I believe have been gifted to me by God himself. Similarly I have also been gifted the capability of being determined in life. Determination is yet another god gifted capability for which I did not have to do much in my life. From an early age I always had this determination in achieving my goals when I set them up. I wanted to clear the subject of mathematics with a good grade and with the right determination and struggle I was able to do so. I believe that this determination would also help me in the future. Determination is the most important gift I ever received from God as I believe that I can be able to achieve almost anything that I require in this world. Starting from my very early life I received a lot of presents from my family members on my birthday but one special gift that I still remember as the best from my childhood was when my grandfather gifted me a watch. A watch seems too ordinary for an important gift but the timing of the gift matters most to me. While gifting me the watch my grandfather said â€Å"Son, always be particular about your timings†. Ever since I used that watch to make sure that I was particular about my timings and this has helped me greatly in life. These three gifts have helped me to become a better man in my life. I believe that with these gifts I can make out something good of my life and can achieve anything that I require. Being particular about my timings can help me to set an example for others and the capability to lead can help me to lead other people. Similarly with the determination of my sort I think that I can be able to achieve almost any

Historical Background Of The Upanishads Philosophy Essay

Historical Background Of The Upanishads Philosophy Essay The Upanishads are said to contain the essence of the Vedas and the Vedas are the source of the (no need for the here) Vedanta philosophy. They contain the spiritual experiences and revelations of sages, the Rishis. They are said to be the products of the highest wisdom, supreme divine knowledge, which was directly heard (shrutti) in meditation. Hence they stir the hearts of people and inspire themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..They give supreme food for the soul  [1]  They are rich in profound philosophical thought and there is great depth of meaning in the passages and verses. They give a vivid description of the nature of Atman, the Supreme Soulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and expound suitable methods and aids to attain the Immortal Brahman, the Highest Purusha.  [2]  They have exercised considerable influence on the religion and philosophy in India. The Upanishads are regarded as the final part of the Vedas, and primarily discuss philosophy, meditation and the nature of God and form the core spiritual thought of Vedantic Hinduism. They are considered as mystic and spiritual contemplations of the Vedas, and are known as Vedanta (the end/culmination of the Vedas). Although the Vedas look outward in reverence and awe of the phenomenal world, the Upanishads look inward to the powers of human consciousness. Opinion differs as to the age of the Upanishads. Some Western scholars have fixed the age as 6th century BCE, but they do not belong to a particular period of Sanskrit literature. The oldest, such as Brhadaranyaka and Chandogya may date to the Brahmana period (roughly before the 7th century BCE) while the youngest may date to the medieval or early modern period. However, Sivananda would say they are dateless and eternal as they came out of the mouth of Brahman and so existed before the creation of the world. Shad means to shatter or destroy so by having knowledge of the Upanishads one destroys ignorance, and knowledge of Brahman is called Upanishad because it leads to Brahman and helps aspirants attain Brahman. Other schools of thought say Upanishad means sitting at the feet of the teacher. The Upanishads were not meant for the masses, as they contain the highest speculations of philosophy. They were only meant for the select few, who were seen as worthy to receive instruction initially from the rishis and later from the Brahmin teaching caste, hence the term Upanishad at first signified secret teaching or doctrine. The teachers integrated to become the Brhma Rishis. The Vedas were initially not written down but passed on orally, by chants and hymns. The Aryan migrants brought Sanskrit to India and so the Upanishads were eventually written down by the Rishis and Brahmin priests. Over 1000 have been recorded but Sankaracharya (8th century mystic who reawakened India to its spiritual herit age) is said to have collected together 108 Upanishads, which are summarised in his famous work The Viveka Chudamani. Of these the principal 10 Upanishads still studied today, are the Brhadarnayaka, Chandogya, Isha, Kena, Katha, Mandukya, Aitareya, Taittiriya, Mudaka and Prashna. The ancient rishis sought to understand the fundamental truths of mans being; the origins, the nature and the destiny of man and his universe, the meaning of life, the world and the relation of the individual to the supreme soul. They sought answers to these basic questions: who am I, what is the universe, whence are we born, on what do we rest, where do we go, are there such things as immortality, freedom, perfection, eternal bliss, everlasting peace, what is Atman, Brahman, or the Self, which is birthless, deathless, changeless, self-existent how to attain immortality or Brahman, what is the means of freedom from earthly bondage. The road to self-discovery is discussed in the Taittiriya Upanishad, which gives us rules for right conduct in our lives and advises If you are in doubt about right conduct, Follow the example of the sages, who know what is best for spiritual growth.  [3]  (chpt 11-v4). It tells us the body is only the outer layer surrounding our self, each layer less physical than the last: the physical sheath is made up of food (Pt 2, 2.1), the vital sheath is made up of living breath (3.1), the mental sheath is made up of waves of thought (3.1) and the sheath of wisdom is the intellect and within this is the sheath of bliss. Bliss is the heart, and Brahman the foundation. Those who affirm the Lord affirm themselves.  [4]  In the journey to discover who we are, the rishis looked at these states of consciousness (Brihadranyaka Upanishad chpt4). As awareness is withdrawn from these layers of consciousness it was discovered that the mind is not conscious, it is only an instrument of our consci ousness. If we were able to observe from within each state, would that be the knower, ie the self? In all creatures, all persons the Self is the innermost essence. Janaka asks who is the self and Yajnavalka replies: The Self, pure awareness, shines as the light within the heart, surrounded by the sense. Only seeming to think, seeming to move, the Self neither sleeps nor wakes nor dreams. This notion of the Self and Brahman being one is considered in the Katha Upanishad (chpt2-v20). Hidden in the heart of every creature exists the Self, subtler than the subtlest, greater than the greatest. They go beyond sorrow who extinguish their self-will and behold the glory fo the Self through the grace of the Lord of Love. A similar theme can be seen in the Isha Upanishad in its description of the Lord as being enshrined in the hearts of all. This seems to merge into a description of the Self culminating in v8 He it is who holds the cosmos together. The question of attaining immortality or Brahman is discussed in the Katha Upanishad, where we have a teenage boy (Natchiketa) as the student and Death (Yama) being the teacher. This studies the notion of reincarnation, wherein Natchiketa is sacrificed to death by his father but Natchiketa is granted three wishes, one for each of the three nights he has spent in the house of Yama (Pt 1-chpt1-v9-29. Natchiketa asks that when he is reincarnated his father will recognise him, secondly that he wants to remember what has gone before, he doesnt want to lose prior knowledge and thirdly he wants to know for certain if his sole really exists after death. The answer is to renounce passing pleasures and seek wisdom (chpt2-v3-4). Death says, The truth of the Self cannot come through one who has not realised the Self  [5]  , so self-realisation is the key. The ignorant believe that when the body dies, they die. This is further expounded by the Mandukya Upanishad which teaches us the need for knowledge through awareness and how this can be passed on through teachers. There are two types of knowledge, that taught through study, or lower knowledge, and the higher knowledge which leads to self-realisation, through mediation those who are pure in heart, who practice meditation and conquer all their senses and passions, shall attain the immortal Self.. The Prashna Upanishad also tells us after the sage Pippaladas explanation of where we come from (qu1-v4-10), that those who meditate, seek wisdom, self-discipline and faith in God will travel after death to the Supreme refuge, beyond the reach of fear and free from the cycle of birth and death. This Upanishad concludes with the question Do you know the self? (QuVI-v1) and Pippaladas summary describes the sixteen forms of the self within the body and that one must realise the self so that these sixteen forms disappear. Then there is no more name or form for us as human beings and we attain immortality. The self is the paramount goal of life. Attain this goal and go beyond death. (QuVI-v) iii) Where did I come from? This question is posed by the Kena Upanishad: by whom? Who makes my mind think?who sees through my eyes and hears through my ears? The teacher replies The Self is the ear of the ear, the eye of the eye and the mind of the mind.. This Upanishad is about knowing Brahman yet how can this not be an impossible task for the average man? How can we possibly conceive of understanding something so abstract and inscrutable? Yet we are urged to try: It is the power of Brahman that makes the mind to think, desire, and will. Therefore use this power to meditate on Brahman. (chpt4-v5-6) However, it seems we are compelled to continually ask questions without questions we cannot develop. What gives us this desire to know, to attain self-realisation? Easwarans interpretation of this question is: by whom impelled do all the motions of life stir?  [6]  Easwaran also quotes Shankara, By whose mere presence does that desire arise which moves the universe? Swami Vishnudevananda says just as the perception of things in the gross world is impossible without light, so knowledge of self cannot emerge other than by inquiry. Who am I? How was this universe born? What is its cause?  [7]  Just as mans quest for enjoyment finds that joy is within himself, knowledge will never be complete until he turns his vision inwards. The Upanishads tell us that all knowledge is in the self, and in fact, knowledge is self. That eternal knowledge of the self when reflected through the mind and brain of man becomes intuition, reason and instinct. In lower animals it is manifested as instinct, in man as reason and in advanced man as intuition. Individual existence is therefore a manifestation of the real existence of the self. So it seems to me we are compelled to seek knowledge, and therefore by implication to seek knowledge of the self. As Easwaran points out, exploring the unconscious requires the daring of youth, as in the Katha Upanishad. The Katha Upanishad seems to be saying that within all human experience it is only the Self that is the enjoyer, and so once one attains self-realisation there will nothing further to know. In the meantime man is forever searching, searching, even when he doesnt know what he is looking for. As Vishnudevananda points out some scale Mount Everest to learn, others navigate under the Artic oceans, while others fly into outer space. Others retire from the world to study or roam the world in search of knowledge. I feel this will go on for a long time yet until man has reached a stage of intellect where self-realisation becomes attainable for all, in ages to come. In the meantime we aspire to seek out extra little bits of knowledge and we pick up lots more along the way by accident without even r ealising it. The problem for us lowly mortals is in a quote I heard a long time ago when I was at college and has stuck with me ever since, although I dont know who said it or when: is not just the known unknown but the unknown unknown. I am aware of many things I do not know but there is of course an ocean of things which I dont even realise are there to be known. It seems an impossible task. Perhaps as I take the advice of the Upanishads and practise meditation, in years to come I may begin to feel as if I have started on my own journey.

Mexicos War for Independence :: essays research papers fc

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mexico is the northernmost country of Latin America. It lies just south of the United States. The Rio Grande forms about two-thirds of the boundary between Mexico and the United States. Among all the countries of the Western Hemisphere, only the United States and Brazil have more people than Mexico. Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. It also is one of the world's largest metropolitan areas in population. Hundreds of years ago, the Indians of Mexico built large cities, developed a calendar, invented a counting system and used a form of writing. The last Indian empire in Mexico, the Aztec, fell to Spanish invaders in 1521. For the next 300 years, Mexico was a Spanish colony. The Spaniards took Mexico's riches, but they also introduced many changes in farming, government, industry and religion. The descendants of the Spaniards became Mexico's ruling class. The Indians remained poor and uneducated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Spanish colonial period, a third group of people developed in Mexico. These people, who had both Indian and white ancestors, became known as Mestizos. Today, the great majority of Mexicans are Mestizos, and they generally take great pride in their Indian ancestry. A number of government programs stress the Indian role in Mexican culture. In 1949, the government made an Indian the symbol of Mexican nationality. The war for independence is sometimes considered a revolutionary war. It is not, however. The war for independence was fought to end colonial rule. The war was based on politics and a separation of powers. In this essay I will start from the rising discontentment amongst the indigenous population and how the higher ranking classes exploited their failures for their own societal class gain in a system where they have always been favored more by societal leaders. Once New Spain settled in its new territory, inner cores were created as part of the system. New Spain, from now on, would be under direction of the mother country Spain. Its colonial system would be entrenched in the new colony and therefore, its economy would strive to gain profit and make Spain richer and stronger. The economy was based on agriculture, ranching, mining, industry, and commerce. The majority of labor that would go into doing these jobs would be from the indigenous people, or â€Å"Indians†. Although some â€Å"Indians† were paid decent wages, most were treated unfairly or poorly. They worked long, hard hours.

Pulse Polio

Pulse Polio Pulse Polio is an immunization campaign established by the government of India in 1995-96 to eradicate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against polio virus. This project deals with the ways to fight poliomyelitis through a large scale immunization programme, co-operating with various international institutions, state governments and Non Governmental Organizations. In India, vaccination against Polio started in 1978 with Expanded Program in Immunization (EPI). By 1984, it was successful in covering around 40% of all infants, giving 3 doses of OPV to each.In 1985, the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) was launched to cover all the districts of the country. UIP became a part of child safe and survival motherland program (CSSM) in 1992 and Reproductive and Child Health Program (RCH) in 1997. This program led to a significant increase in coverage, up to 95%. The number of reported cases of polio also declined from 28,757 during 1987 to 3,265 in 1995. In 1995, following the Polio Eradication Initiative of World Health Organization (1988), India launched Pulse Polio Immunization Program along with Universal Immunization Program which aimed at 100% coverage.In 2012, India was declared free of polio by WHO. Key objectives The Pulse Polio Initiative (PPI) aims at covering every individual in the country. It aspires to reach even children in remote communities through an improved social mobilization plan. [1] †¢Not a single child should miss the immunization, leaving no chance of polio occurrence. †¢Cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) to be reported in time and stool specimens of them to be collected within 14 days. Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) to be conducted as early as possible. †¢Maintaining high level of surveillance. Performance of good mop-up operations where polio has disappeared. †¢India to be polio-free by 2005. [1] Steps involved †¢Setting up of booths in al l parts of the country. [1] †¢Initializing walk-in cold rooms, freezer rooms, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators and cold boxes for ensuring steady supply of vaccine to booths. †¢Arranging employees, volunteers and vaccines. †¢Ensuring vaccine vial monitor on each vaccine vial. †¢Immunizing children with OPV on National Immunization Days. †¢Identifying missing children from immunization process. †¢Surveillance of efficacy. Study of its success State specific cases-[1]The Gujarat case- In 1998, in Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, immunization officers reported that 98 children out of the total of 2,000 missed the vaccine. Health workers were first prevented from coming to village. Later, when the booths were established and the program did start, lot of parents did not bring their children to the booth. According to them, children from their village developed polio-paralysis even after the immunization. The Bengal Case-[2] Health officers, who visited the village in West Bengal, saw utter discontent amongst the people as they stated that two children contracted the virus after the vaccine.In another instance, parents of a two-and-a-half-year-old child who developed cellulites in the heel were convinced that it had been caused by the vaccine that was given to their child a week before. The doctor who gave the vaccine was forced to pay the entire amount for the child’s treatment. Therefore, the reasons for non-compliance by the people can be anything from lack of attitude to lack of awareness, from vaccinating an ill child to apprehension about the side-effects of polio drops (including fever, loose motion, death, infertility etc. [3] It is found out that poor participation of doctors and nurses, difficulty in maintaining and procuring vaccine, difficulty in procuring vehicles, inadequate support from community members are also reasons why the program has not been completely successful. [4] India free of polio 2012 The last reported case of polio in India was in West Bengal on January 13, 2011. [5] On 25 February, 2012, India was officially struck off the list of polio-endemic countries by the World Health Organization (WHO). [6]

Character Analysis Dr. Vivian Bearing in Wit

Perhaps you have had a professor like Dr. Bearing Vivian in the play Wit: brilliant, uncompromising, and cold-hearted. English teachers come with many personalities. Some are easy-going, creative and engaging. And some were those tough-love teachers who are as disciplined as a drill sergeant because they want you to become better writers and better thinkers. Vivian Bearing, the main character from Margaret Edsons play Wit, is not like those teachers. Shes tough, yes, but she does not care about her students and their many struggles. Her only passion (at least at the beginning of the play) is for 17th Century poetry, particularly the complex sonnets of John Donne. How Poetic Wit Influenced Dr. Bearing Early on in the play (also known as W;t with a semicolon), the audience learns that Dr. Bearing dedicated her life to these Holy Sonnets, spending decades exploring the mystery and poetic wit of each line. Her academic pursuits and her knack for explicating poetry have shaped her personality. She has become a woman who can analyze but not emphasize. Dr. Bearings Hard Character Her callousness is most evident during the plays flashbacks. While she narrates directly to the audience, Dr. Bearing recalls several encounters with her former students. As the pupils struggle with the material, often embarrassed by their intellectual inadequacy, Dr. Bearing responds by saying: VIVIAN: You can come to this class prepared, or you can excuse yourself from this class, this department, and this university. Do not think for a moment that I will tolerate anything in between. In a subsequent scene, a student tries to obtain an extension on the essay, due to the death of her grandmother. Dr. Bearing replies: VIVIAN: Do what you will, but the paper is due when it is due. As Dr. Bearing revisits her past, she realizes she should have offered more human kindness to her students. Kindness is something Dr. Bearing will come to desperately crave as the play continues. Why? She is dying of advanced ovarian cancer. Fighting Cancer Despite her insensitivity, there is a sort of heroism at the heart of the protagonist. This is evident in the first five minutes of the play. Dr. Harvey Kelekian, an oncologist, and leading research scientist ​informs Dr. Bearing that she has a terminal case of ovarian cancer. Dr. Kelekians bedside manner, by the way, matches the same clinical nature of Dr. Bearing. With his recommendation, she decides to pursue an experimental treatment, one that wont save her life, but one that will further scientific knowledge. Propelled by her innate love of knowledge, she is determined to accept a painfully large dosage of chemotherapy. While Vivian battles cancer both physically and mentally, the poems of John Donne now take on new meaning. The poems references to life, death, and God are seen by the professor in a stark yet enlightening perspective. Accepting Kindness During the latter half of the play, Dr. Bearing begins to shift away from her cold, calculating ways. Having reviewed key events (not to mention mundane moments) in her life, she becomes less like the matter-of-fact scientists who study her and more like the compassionate Nurse Susie who befriends her. In the final stages of her cancer, Vivian Bearing bears incredible amounts of pain and nausea. She and the nurse share a popsicle and discuss palliative care issues. The nurse also calls her sweetheart, something Dr. Bearing would never have allowed in the past. After nurse Susie leaves, Vivian Bearing speaks to the audience: VIVIAN: Popsicles? Sweetheart? I cant believe my life has become so. . . corny. But it cant be helped. Later on in her monologue, she explains: VIVIAN: Now is not the time for verbal swordplay, for unlikely flights of imagination and wildly shifting perspectives, for metaphysical conceit, for wit. And nothing would be worse than a detailed scholarly analysis. Erudition. Interpretation. Complication. Now is the time for simplicity. Now is the time for, dare I say it, kindness. There are limitations to academic pursuits. There is a place - a highly important place - for warmth and kindness. This is exemplified in the last 10 minutes of the play when, before Dr. Bearing passes away, she is visited by her former professor and mentor, E. M. Ashford. The 80-year-old woman sits beside the Dr. Bearing. She holds her; she asks Dr. Bearing if shed like to hear some poetry by John Donne. Although only semi-conscious, Dr. Bearing moans Noooo. She does not want to listen to a Holy Sonnet. So instead, in the plays most simplistic and touching scene, Prof. Ashford reads a childrens book, the sweet and poignant The Runaway Bunny by Margaret Wise Brown. As she reads, Ashford realizes that the picture book is: ASHFORD: A little allegory of the soul. No matter where it hides. God will find it. Philosophical or Sentimental I had a tough-as-nails college professor, way back in the late 1990s when Margaret Edsons Wit was making its west coast premiere. This English professor, whose specialty was bibliographic studies, often intimidated his students with his cold, calculating brilliance. When he saw Wit in Los Angeles, he gave it a fairly negative review. He argued that the first half was captivating but that the second half was disappointing. He was not impressed by Dr. Bearings change of heart. He believed that the message of kindness over intellectualism was all too common in modern-day stories, so much so that its impact is minimal at best. On the one hand,  the professor is right. The theme of Wit is common. The vitality and importance of love are found in countless plays, poems, and greeting cards. But for some of us romantics, its a theme that never gets old. As much fun as I might have with intellectual debates, Id rather have a hug.